What needs checking in invalid-click accounting and traffic quality?

Separate net/gross clicks and review valid-click efficiency and historical spikes. Declare the observation window or study design before running. The result includes denominators and leaves unidentified quantities uncomputed.

Required data: date · channel · clicks · Invalid clicks · Conversions · cost · Currency code

Anomalies do not prove fraud. Invalid clicks are not subtracted twice; missing baseline variation leaves anomaly scores uncomputed.